OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of the intraaortic balloon (IAoB) in association with coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients. METHODS: Fourteen high-risk patients unresponsive to clinical therapy and with formal contraindication to surgical revascularization were treated by coronary angioplasty, most of which was followed by stenting. All procedures were performed with circulatory support with the IAoB. This study reports the early results and the late findings after 12 months of follow-up. Six patients had multivessel coronary disease; of these, four had left main equivalent lesions and two had unprotected left main coronary artery disease, one of whom had severe "end-vessel" stenosis and the other was a patient with Chagas' disease with single-vessel lesion. Eleven patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction <30%. RESULTS: In 100% of the patients, the procedures were initially successful. Two patients had severe bleeding during the withdrawal of the left femoral sheath. At the end of twelve months, 4 patients were asymptomatic and the others were clinically controlled. There were two late deaths in the 7th and 11th months. CONCLUSION: The combined use of the intraaortic balloon pump and percutaneous coronary angioplasty in high-risk patients with acute ischemic syndromes provides the necessary hemodynamic stability to successfully perform the procedures.

No período de março de 1981 a março de 1988, foram implantadas 2324 biopróteses, em 2016 pacientes, em 5 Centros do Estado de Minas Gerais. Este estudo inclui somente a análise dos pacientes submetidos a troca valvar aórtica (n = 603) e mitral ( n = 1110), isoladamente. Neste grupo (n = 1713), a mortalidade hospitalar foi de 104 pacientes (6,1%). Dos 1609 pacientes que receberam alta do hospital, conseguimos o seguimento de 1101 pacientes (64,3). Esta análise corresponde a um período de 1 a 84 meses, com média de 48 meses e com um seguimento cumulativo de: aórticas (n= 385) = 1230 pacientes/ano; mitrais (n = 716) = 3018 pacientes/ano. Foram registradas 102 complicações tardias em 716 pacientes mitrais (14,24%) e 51 complicações no grupo aórtico (13,2%). Com relação à faixa etária, encontramos 220 pacientes menores de 20 anos (mitrais = 176/aórticos = 44) e, neste subgrupo, as disfunções valvares incidiram em 43% dos pacientes mitrais e em 29% dos pacientes aórticos. A endocardite protética foi mais encontrada nos aórticos (45%) do que nos mitrais (29,7%). Dos 1101 pacientes, 62 foram reoperados, com mortalidade hospitalar de 12,6%. A reoperação por disfunção valvar foi mais freqüente no grupo mitral com idade inferior a 20 anos. A curva atuarial livre de mortalidade relacionada à bioprótese foi de 97,1% (32/1101 pacientes). No grupo aórtico, 96,9% estiveram livres de disfunção valvar ao final de 7 anos, enquanto que, no grupo mitral, este índice foi de 95,2%. Nos pacientes menores de 20 anos do grupo mitral, encontramos o maior índice de falência valvar (85,3% livre após 7 anos). Ao final deste estudo, a maior parte destes pacientes encontrava-se em classe funcional I e II. Embora a incidência de reoperação seja expressiva, esta é aceitável, tendo em vista que as biopróteses oferecem uma alternativa mais segura do que as próteses mecânicas, durante este mesmo período do seguimento. A análise destes resultados sugere a continuação de pesquisas que tornem possível a fabricação de um substituto valvar ideal. Todavia, estes resultados comparam-se, de modo favorável, a resultados com biopróteses semelhantes da literatura mundial.

From March 1981 to March 1988, 2324 bioprostheses were implanted in 2016 patients in 5 centers in the State of Minas Gerais. This study includes only the analysis of patients undergoing isolated aortic (n = 603) or mitral (n = 1110) valve replacement. The hospital mortality in this group (n = 1713) was 104 patients (6.1%). From the remaining 1609 patients, that were discharged from the hospital, we were able to obtain a follow-up in 1101 or 64.3%. This analysis related to a period ranging from 1 to 84 months, mean = 48 and a cumulative follow-up in the aortic group (n = 385) equal to 1230 patients/year; the mitrals (n = 716) equal to 3018 patients/year. There were 102 late complications in 716 patients (14.24) and 51 in the aortic group (13.2). In relation to the age or the patients, 220 were under 20 years of age (mitrals = 176/aortics = 44) and in this subgroup the intrinsic valve failure was 43% of the mitral patients and 29% of the aortic group. The prosthetic endocardite was more frequent in the aortic group (45%) in compararison with the mitrals (29.7%). There were 62 reoperations in 1101 patients, with hospital mortality of 12.6%. The reoperations were more frequent in the mitral group, in patients below 20 years of age. Survival, considering only deaths related to the bioprosthesis, was 97.1% (32/1101). In the aortic group, 96.9% of patients were free of valve disfunction at the end of 7 years; among the mitrals, 95.2%. The major incidence of valve failure was encountered in the mitral patients, below 20 years of age; 85.3% were free of this complication at 7 years of follow-up. At the end of this study, the majority of the alive patients was functional classes I and II of the NYHA. Although the incidence of reoperation is significant, these findings are acceptable, specially because bioprosthesis offers a safer alternative than mechanical prosthesis. The present results suggest the continuation of research to obtain the ideal bioprosthesis, although current data is comparable to results abtained with similar bioprosthesis in the world literature.

De dezembro de 1977 a novembro de 1986, foi usado o bioenxerto valvular cardíaco de pericárdio bovino IMC-Biomédica na posição mitral, em 798 pacientes, com idade média de 42 anos. Os 722 pacientes sobreviventes foram observados por um período de até 9 anos, representando 27036 meses, ou 2253 anos. O estudo indicou um índice de sobrevida de 66% para os adultos e 69% para os jovens, sendo de 94% e 80% o índice de sobrevida para os adultos e jovens, respectivamente, com pós-operatório de 5 anos. A freqüência das complicações diante da amostra analisada foi: 0,4% de rotura do tecido; 0,4% de vazamento paravalvular; 2,7% de acidente vascular cerebral; 3,2% de endocardite infecciosa; 4,4% de calcificação. A curva atuarial de calcificação entre os anos de 1978 e 1982 (Grupo I) mostrou 94% dos adultos e 12% dos jovens livres dessa complicação. Por outro lado, de 1982 a 1986 (Grupo II), esse índice subiu para 99,0% entre os adultos e 92,0% para os jovens. Deste modo, concluímos que a nossa opção pela bioprótese de pericárdio bovino foi apropriada, visto que 96% dos pacientes estiveram livres de complicações fatais relacionadas à bioprótese, o que significa que, em 9 anos, o potencial da bioprótese foi apenas de 4%.

A mitral pericardial bioprosthetic valve IMC-Biomedica was implanted in a consecutive series of 798 patients with mean age of 52 years, from December 1977 to November 1978. The 722 patients who survived operation were observed during a period of 9 years (mean 27036 months or 2253 years). Actuarial studies indicated an expected survived rate at 9 years of 66% for adult patients and 68% for younger patients. The probability of complications were the following: rupture 0.4; perivalvar leak 0.4%; thromboembolysm 2.7%; endocarditis 3.2%; calcification 4.4%. The actuarial freedom from calcification between 1977 to 1982 (Group I) was 94.0% to adults and 12.0% to younger patients. On the other hand, between 1982 to 1986 (Group II) the actuarial analysis of calcification showed that 99.0% adults and 92.0% younger patients were free from this complication. Hence we believe that our option for the pericardial bioprosthetic valve was appropriate because 96.0% patients were free of complications deaths with the valve; this means that in 9 years the bioprosthetic lethal potential was only 4.0%.